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Determination of concentration of KMnO4 solution

Determination of concentration of KMnO₄ solution

Quantitative Analysis

Objective

Our objective is to determine the strength of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a standard solution of;

Oxalic acid
Ferrous ammonium sulphate (Mohr’s salt)

The Theory

What is Titration?

Titration is a common laboratory method of qualitative chemical analysis that can be used to determine the unknown concentration of a solution (analyte). The basis of this process is the reaction between the analyte and a solution of unknown concentration (standard solution). The analyte is taken in a conical flask using a pipette and the solution of known concentration is taken in a calibrated burette (titrant).

Some Important Terms in Titration

1. Standard solution

A solution whose concentration is known, is called a standard solution. The substance used to prepare a standard solution is called the primary standard. Oxalic acid and sodium carbonate are some examples.

2. Concentration of a solution

Concentration of a solution is defined as the amount of a solute present in a definite volume of the solvent. Concentration of a solution can be expressed in different ways.

Normality: Normality of a solution is defined as the number of gram equivalent of solute per litre of the solution. It is denoted by ‘N’.

$«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»Normality«/mi»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»N«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»b«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»g«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»a«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»q«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»v«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»a«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»a«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»n«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»c«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»V«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»h«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»n«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»n«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»$

Molarity: Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of gram moles of the solute per litre of the solution. It is denoted by ‘M’.

$«math xmlns=¨http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML¨»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»Molarity«/mi»«mo»=«/mo»«mfrac»«mrow»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»N«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»b«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»g«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»a«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«/mrow»«mrow»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»V«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»m«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»f«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»h«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»u«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»o«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»n«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mo»(«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»n«/mi»«mo»§nbsp;«/mo»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»l«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»i«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»t«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»e«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»r«/mi»«mi mathvariant=¨normal¨»s«/mi»«mo»)«/mo»«/mrow»«/mfrac»«/math»$

3. End point of a titration

The endpoint of a titration is the point at which the reaction between the titrant and the analyte becomes complete. Generally the endpoint of a titration is determined using indicators. In some cases, either the reactant or the product can serve as the indicator. A best example is the redox titration using potassium permanganate.

Titrations can be classified as:

Acid-Base Titrations or Acidimetry and Alkalimetry
Oxidation-Reduction Titrations or Redox Titrations
Precipitation Titrations
Complexometric Titrations

We will learn about Redox titrations.

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Saturday, October 6, 2018

Wednesday, October 3, 2018

Monday, October 1, 2018

Sunday, September 30, 2018

Quantitative Analysis

Objective

The Theory

What is Titration?

Some Important Terms in Titration

1. Standard solution

2. Concentration of a solution

3. End point of a titration

Saturday, September 29, 2018

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Friday, September 28, 2018

Thursday, September 27, 2018

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